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Trade Finance

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Letter Of Credit


A Letter of Credit (LC) is also known as Documentary Credit and it constitutes an irrevocable and definite undertaking of the Issuing Bank to honor a complying presentation. It can be issued on Sight or Usance basis, depending on instruction given by the LC Applicant.

An LC is a documentary instrument provided by banks in order to facilitate trade transactions. The LC Issuing Bank issues a written undertaking at the request and in accordance with the instructions of the buyer (Applicant). The Issuing Bank or Confirming Bank (if any) assures payment to the seller (Beneficiary) as long as they present documents which comply with the terms and conditions of the issued LC. Payment is assured based on documents alone and not on goods or services to which it may refer.

The main governing set of rules for an LC is the latest version of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (UCP) and Uniform Rules for Bank to Bank Reimbursement (URR).

Benefits:
  • Discrepancies in the documentation are minimized as documents are being checked by the bank
  • Payment will only be made when LC conforming documents are presented
  • May obtain import financing

Shipping Guarantee

Shipping Guarantee (SG) is an indemnity document issued by the bank addressed to the shipping company on the instruction of the importer to take delivery of goods from the shipping company or its agent in the absence of the original bill of lading.

The bank undertakes to indemnify the shipping company or its agent against all consequences and/or liabilities relating to the delivery of the merchandise under this guarantee.

SGs are valid indefinitely, i.e. no expiry date and amount. They are valid until such time as the original bill of lading is presented to the shipping company or agent for redemption.

Benefits:
  • Goods can be cleared and obtained in a timely manner pending arrival of shipping documents
  • Avoid excessive storage or demurrage charges

Bank Guarantee / Standby Letter of Credit

Bank Guarantee (BG) is a document whereby the bank as guarantor undertakes to pay an agreed sum if the customer fails or defaults in fulfilling his obligation under the terms and conditions of the guarantee.

BGs by their nature are separate transactions from the contracts or tenders on which they may be based and the bank as guarantor is not bound by such contracts despite the inclusion of a reference in the BG.

A Standby Letter of Credit (SBLC) is used when guarantees are not acceptable for overseas or cross border arrangement to secure payment / facilities / performances.

Import Bills for Collection

An Import Bills for Collection (IBC) is a trade service provided by the bank, as a Collecting/Presenting Bank to handle and inform customer’s incoming shipping documents from their supplier. The intermediary service facilitates trade settlement on terms agreed between the customer and their supplier.

The handling by the Collecting/Presenting Bank of the shipping documents is based on instructions received, in order to obtain payment or acceptance or based on other pre-determined terms and conditions.

The Collecting/Presenting Bank will carry out the instructions against specific instructions such as:
  • Delivering documents against Payment (D/P) i.e. Sight - whereby the Collecting/Presenting Bank will only release the documents to the Buyer upon payment is received.
  • Delivering documents against Acceptance (D/A) i.e. Usance - whereby the Collecting/Presenting Bank will release the documents to the Buyer upon acceptance of the Seller's bills of exchange.
The main governing set of rules for an IBC is the latest version of Uniform Rules for Collections (URC).


Benefits:
  • Cost-effective
  • Flexible and time saving as less rules and deadlines for document preparation

Bankers Acceptance

Bankers Acceptance (BA) is a usance bill of exchange drawn by the customer (Drawer) to his order and accepted by his bank (accepting bank) and payable on a specified future date. BA operations in Malaysia are strictly guided by the current Guidelines on Bankers Acceptances issued by Bank Negara Malaysia.

BA can be used to finance import, local purchase, export and local sales of goods. Business activities for the purchase of computer software licenses, trade-related logistic services and the purchase of electricity from independent power-producer may be considered for financing with BNM’s prior approval.

BA is denominated in Ringgit (RM) drawn on and accepted by a bank in Malaysia. The minimum period of financing is 21 days and the maximum period must not exceed the approved financing tenure subject to a maximum period of 365 days. The maturity date should not fall on Saturdays, Sundays or public holidays. The minimum financing amount is set at RM50,000.00 and should be in multiples of RM1,000.00. The funding rate is based on the Interbank market on a daily basis.

Trust Receipt

Trust Receipt (TR) is an agreement between the bank and its customer (the importer/buyer) which is used to secure an advance. With this, the bank releases documents and goods without releasing the title to the goods.

Under a TR arrangement, the customer:
  • Pledges himself to act as agent and trustee for the bank in handling the underlying goods;
  • Agrees that the goods as well as any proceeds from its sale, shall be maintained separate and Distinct from other property and remain subject to repossession by the bank; and
  • Undertakes to keep goods fully insured and shall hand over any eventual claims to the bank.
TR as a financing product enables the customer:
  • To settle his payment obligation for his imports/purchases;
  • To take possession of the goods for a predetermined tenure while payment will be made at maturity date; and
  • To sell the goods or in the case of raw materials, to turn them into finished products for sale/export.
Benefits:
  • Interest is payable on maturity
  • Financing for full invoice amount is allowed
  • Early or partial payment is allowed

Foreign/Domestic Bills Purchased/Discounted

Foreign / Domestic Bills Purchased / Discounted is a form of short term export/sales financing in which the exporter or seller obtains from his bank upon presentation of export documents drawn under documentary collection. By purchasing and advancing the customer, the bank becomes the holder of the bill in due course and shall only be repaid upon receipt of proceeds or reimbursement from the collecting bank.

When the bank purchases a bill, it will advance money to the customer on presentation of a set of export or sales documents and interest will be charged on the amount advanced until the bank receives reimbursement. The advance is given against customer’s credit line.

Benefits:
  • Improved Cash Flow and Competitiveness
  • Financing for domestic or foreign sales with or without Letter of Credit

Export Letter of Credit Advising

As an Advising Bank, the bank will receive customer’s incoming Letter of Credit from the customer’s supplier’s bank through the bank’s local or overseas Correspondent Banks.

The Letter of Credit can be in the form of SWIFT, Mail or Telex. Once the authenticity of the Letter of Credit is verified, the bank will advise the Letter of Credit to the Exporter (Beneficiary) or their banker’s (the Second Advising Bank) accordingly.

At the request of the Issuing Bank or Beneficiary’s and by arrangement, the bank may add confirmation whereas the bank’s liability as a Confirming Bank is similar to the Issuing Bank.

However, such confirmation will be solely at the bank’s discretion and the acceptability of the terms and conditions of the Letter of Credit will be at the time the confirmation is added.

Export Bills for Collection

An Export Bill for Collection (EBC) is a trade service provided by the bank, as a Remitting Bank to send out the customer’s outgoing shipping documents to their buyer. The intermediary service facilitates trade settlement on terms agreed between the customer and their buyer.

The handling by the Remitting Bank of the shipping documents is based on customer’s instructions in order to obtain payment or acceptance or based on other pre-determined terms and conditions.

The main governing set of rules for an OBC is the latest version of Uniform Rules for Collections (URC).

Benefits:
  • Cost-effective
  • Flexible and time saving due to less rules and deadlines for document preparation

Export Credit Refinancing (ECR)

Export Credit Refinancing (ECR) is a scheme extended by Export-Import Bank of Malaysia Berhad (EXIM Bank) to provide short term financing to direct and indirect exporters via the commercial banks. This scheme is presently governed by EXIM Bank’s Guideline on ECR Facilities 2006.

The objective of the ECR scheme is to promote Malaysia’s exports and International Trade via 2 types of facilities:

1. Pre-Shipment: an advance by Exim Bank to facilitate the export of Malaysian products and trade prior to shipment and to encourage the backward linkages between the exporters and local suppliers in export oriented industries.

2. Post-Shipment: an advance to exporters to finance the export or trade after shipment.

Benefits:
  • Competitive interest rates
  • Pre-Shipment provides working capital
  • Post-Shipment provides advance funds to the exporters to finance exporting of eligible goods after shipment